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El cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR) es un instrumento de auto-reporte ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el apego en la adultez, a partir de dos dimensiones: la ansiedad y la evitación asociadas al apego. Este instrumento ha sido adaptado en múltiples contextos, incluyendo el chileno, del cual existe una versión abreviada (ECR-12), objeto de análisis del presente estudio. Si bien existe consenso en que la seguridad en el apego es mejor descrita en términos dimensionales, hay ámbitos, como en la práctica clínica donde contar con valores de referencia podría ser de utilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es proveer valores de referencia para la interpretación de los valores del ECR-12 en el contexto chileno. Para ello, una muestra de 6779 participantes respondió el ECR-12. Se utilizó el método de puntuación z con normalización para obtener los valores de referencia. Los análisis realizados evidenciaron la necesidad de construir baremos diferenciados por edad. Así, para el grupo de 29 años o menos, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.4 puntos, y para la evitación, el punto de corte es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.5. En cambio, para el grupo de 30 años o más, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.2, y para la evitación, es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.9. Estos hallazgos pueden ser relevantes no sólo para identificar a personas que puedan presentar niveles sustancialmente altos de ansiedad y/o evitación en el apego, sino, también puede constituirse como una herramienta clínica complementaria en contextos terapéuticos.
The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire is a widely used self-report measure to assess adult attachment, based on two dimensions: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. This instrument has been adapted in multiple contexts, including the Chilean, for which there is an abbreviated version (ECR-12), that is the object of analysis in the present study. Although there is consensus that attachment security is best described in dimensional terms, there are areas, such as clinical practice, where having reference values could be useful. The aim of this study is to provide reference values for the interpretation of ECR-12 scores in the Chilean context. To do this, a sample of 6779 participants was evaluated using the ECR-12. The z-score normalization method was used to obtain the reference values. The analyzes carried out showed the need to build scales differentiated by age. Thus, for the group of 29 years or less, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.4 points, and for avoidance, the cut-off point is an average equal to or greater than 2.5. On the other hand, for the group aged 30 or older, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.2, and for avoidance, it is an average equal to or greater than 2.9. These findings can be relevant not only for identifying people who may present substantially high levels of anxiety and/or avoidance in attachment, but also as a complementary clinical tool in therapeutic contexts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Interpersonal Relations , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the mediating effect of social support between adult attachment and family resilience in young and middle-aged patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, and to provide reference for psychological health care of young and middle-aged peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods:From September 2019 to February 2022, the prospective research method was adopted to investigate a total of 100 young and middle-aged patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis by general information questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-short form, Social Support Rating Scale, Family Resilience Scale, respectively. Multiple linear regression and structural equation model was used to evaluate the mediating effect of social support on adult attachment and family resilience.Results:The scores of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety in Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-short form were (46.47 ± 10.23) points and (63.67 ± 10.37) points; Social Support Rating Scale scores were (36.40 ± 7.27) points; Family Resilience Scale scores were (94.21 ± 11.40) points. There was a negative correlation of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance with total score and each dimension score of Social Support Rating Scale and total score and each dimension score of Family Resilience Scale ( r values were -0.844--0.373, all P<0.05). Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance had a significantly indirect effect on the family resilience of young and middle-aged peritoneal dialysis patients through social support, which showed that the mediating effect of social support accounts for 41.6% and 48.8% of the total effect. Conclusions:Social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between adult attachment and family resilience in young and middle-aged peritoneal dialysis patients, nurses can focus on social support to reduce the adverse effects of adult attachment on family resilience.
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Objective:To explore the chain mediating effect of adult attachment and psychological capital on the relationship between parenting style and mental health of university students.Methods:The short-form egna minnen av barndoms uppfostran (s-EMBU), experiences in close relationship inventory (ECR), positive psycap questionnaire (PPQ) and mental health scale for residents (MHSR) were adopted to test 1 415 students from 23 universities in Beijing.Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed by SPSS 24.0 software, the structural equation model was built by Mplus 8.0 software, and mediating effect analysis was conducted by Bootstrap method.Results:Mental health of university students (241.48±30.19) was positively correlated ( r=0.40-0.84, all P<0.01) with positive parenting style (father emotional warmth (2.97±0.67), mother emotional warmth (3.10±0.62)) and psychological capital (4.91±0.84). And the mental health of university students was negatively correlated ( r=-0.36--0.18, all P<0.01) with negative parenting style (father rejection (1.42±0.53), mother rejection (1.42±0.51), father overprotection (2.06±0.53), mother overprotection (2.18±0.55)) and adult attachment (attachment avoidance (3.31±0.88), attachment anxiety (3.66±0.97). Adult attachment was the mediation between parenting style (rejection, emotional warmth, over protection) and mental health ( β=-0.04, 0.04, -0.04, 95% CI=-0.08--0.01, 0.02-0.07, -0.07--0.02), while psychological capital was the mediation between parental emotional warmth and mental health ( β=0.21, 95% CI=0.14-0.26), both of which played a chain mediating role between parenting style and mental health ( β=-0.15, 0.11, -0.12, 95% CI=-0.21--0.10, 0.07-0.16, -0.18--0.07). Conclusion:Parenting style can not only directly affect mental health, but also indirectly affect mental health through the mediating role of adult attachment and the chain mediating role of adult attachment and psychological capital.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão literatura sobre medidas de apego publicadas no período de 2014 a 2019. Foi realizado levantamento de informações relativas ao número de itens, fatores, forma de resposta, dados de confiabilidade, principais métodos de investigação da estrutura interna. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: BIREME, PubMed, PsycNET, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SAGE, Springer e Redalyc. Dos 1384 artigos foram analisados 10 que corresponderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os fatores os instrumentos apresentaram variações de 1 a 5 fatores e diferentes métodos de análise. Uma lacuna importante encontrada, foi a ausência de um instrumento de apego brasileiro (AU).
This study aims to present a literature review on attachment measures published from 2014 to 2019. Information was collected on the number of items, factors, response form, reliability data, main methods of investigation of the internal structure. The databases used were: BIREME, PubMed, PsycNET, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SAGE, Springer and Redalyc. Of the 1384 articles, 10 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. The factors of the instruments varied from 1 to 5 factors and different methods of analysis. An important gap found was the absence of a Brazilian attachment instrument (AU).
Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión de la literatura sobre las medidas de apego publicadas de 2014 a 2019. Se recopiló información sobre el número de ítems, factores, formulario de respuesta, datos de confiabilidad, principales métodos de investigación de la estructura interna. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron: BIREME, PubMed, PsycNET, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SAGE, Springer y Redalyc. De los 1384 artículos, se analizaron 10 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los factores de los instrumentos variaron de 1 a 5 factores y diferentes métodos de análisis. Una brecha importante encontrada fue la ausencia de un instrumento de apego brasileño (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics , Weights and Measures , Surveys and Questionnaires , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
Abstract: The objective was to analyze whether romantic partners' conflict resolution style and perceived relationship quality are influenced by the dyadic configuration of adult attachment, specifically, by: a) attachment style matching; b) the number of couple members with a secure (vs. insecure) style. A sample of 405 Spanish heterosexual couples of young adults completed an online survey. Results showed no differences between couples with matched versus unmatched attachment styles. However, the presence of one or two members in the couple with a secure style was significantly associated with higher relationship quality and lower use of dysfunctional conflict resolution styles. In conclusion, for insecurely attached young adults, it is more beneficial to be in a relationship with a securely-attached partner than with a similarly-attached partner.
Resumen: El objetivo es analizar si el estilo de resolución de conflictos de los miembros de una pareja y la calidad de la relación percibida se ven influidos por la configuración diádica del apego adulto, específicamente, por: a) la coincidencia del estilo de apego; b) el número de miembros de la pareja con un estilo seguro (vs. inseguro). Una muestra de 405 parejas heterosexuales de adultos jóvenes españoles completó una encuesta en línea. No se encuentran diferencias entre parejas con estilos de apego coincidentes frente a no coincidentes. Sin embargo, la presencia de uno o dos miembros en la pareja con estilo de apego seguro se asoció significativamente con mayor calidad de la relación y menor uso de estilos de resolución de conflictos disfuncionales. En conclusión, para los adultos jóvenes con apego adulto inseguro, es más beneficioso tener una pareja con un estilo seguro que una pareja con un estilo de apego similar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Quality of Life , Negotiating , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Abstract The Experiences in Close Relationships (Brennan et al, Attachment theory and close relationships, 1998) questionnaire is one of the most widely used measures of adult romantic attachment. Despite the advantages of the ECR, the length of this measure may discourage its use in clinical and research contexts. Consequently, the goal of this study was to develop a brief Spanish version of the ECR questionnaire and to examine its psychometric properties when administered to six different Spanish-speaking samples from Chile. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the twodimensional structure of the ECR and its invariance across gender. Results also supported the reliability and concurrent validity of our brief Spanish version of the ECR (i.e., Spanish ECR-12), by its association with measures of emotion regulation, dyadic empathy, psychological distress and well-being, and relationship satisfaction. The Spanish ECR-12 can be used by researchers and clinical professionals as an abridged measure of adult attachment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Interpersonal Relations , Object Attachment , ChileABSTRACT
Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener los índices de validez y confiabilidad del Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) en sus versiones Madre y Padre en población ecuatoriana. La investigación fue de carácter cuantitativo e instrumental; se realizó un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, y se verificó la fiabilidad de ambos instrumentos. Los participantes fueron jóvenes universitarios de Quito (n= 663 para el PBI Madre y n= 611 para el PBI padre). Los resultados de las dos versiones del PBI mostraron una estructura factorial de dos factores con reducción de ítems para cada una, con una confiabilidad adecuada: (1) PBI Madre: 20 ítems, F1 (ω = .86) y F2 (ω = .78). (2) PBI Padre: 17 ítems, F1 (ω = .88) y F2 (ω = .78). Por lo que se puede concluir que el instrumento conserva la estructura factorial de la versión original y cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para el uso en población ecuatoriana.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain the validity and reliability indices of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in its Mother and Father versions in the Ecuadorian population. The research was quantitative and instrumental; a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed, and the reliability of both instruments was verified. The participants were young university students from Quito (n = 663 for the Mother PBI and n = 611 for the Father PBI). The results of the two versions showed a factorial structure of two factors with reduction of items for each one, with adequate reliability: (1) Mother PBI: 20 items, F1 (ω = .86), F2 (ω = .78), (2) Father PBI: 17 items, F1 (ω = .88) , F2 (ω = .78). Therefore, it can be concluded that the instrument preserves the factorial structure of the original version and has adequate psychometric properties for use in the Ecuadorian population.
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi obter os índices de validade e confiabilidade do Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) em suas versões Mãe e Pai na população equatoriana. Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória e verificada a confiabilidade de ambos os instrumentos. Os participantes eram jovens estudantes universitários de Quito (n = 663 para a Mãe PBI e n = 611 para o Pai PBI). Os resultados das duas versões do PIB mostraram uma estrutura fatorial de dois fatores com redução de itens para cada um, com confiabilidade adequada: (1) PIB mãe: 20 itens, F1 (ω = 0.86) e F2 (ω = 0.78 ) (2) Pai PBI: 17 itens, F1 (ω = 0.88) e F2 (ω = 0.78). Portanto, pode-se concluir que o instrumento preserva a estrutura fatorial da versão original e possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas para uso na população equatoriana.
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Resumo: Apego é um construto individual associado ao comportamento interpessoal e vínculo afetivo-emocional estabelecido entre o indivíduo e outras pessoas. Em estudos no contexto das organizações e carreira o apego demonstra relações preditivas de civilidade, burnout, sucesso e performance laboral. A presente pesquisa buscou investigar como o apego influencia a expectativa de sucesso de carreira de universitários, a partir da mediação dos construtos satisfação com a vida e autoeficácia. O presente estudo foi conduzido a partir de escalas psicológicas para avaliação dos construtos e contou com 110 estudantes universitários brasileiros. Os resultados apontaram que estudantes com perfil de apego seguro possuem indicadores mais elevados de autoeficácia, satisfação com a vida e expectativa futura de sucesso de carreira. Evidencia-se também que apego prediz a perspectiva de êxito no futuro profissional, diante da mediação seriada de satisfação com a vida e autoeficácia. Considerações para a prática de aconselhamento de carreira com universitários são apresentadas baseadas no modelo testado na pesquisa.
Resumen: El apego es un constructo individual asociado al comportamiento interpersonal y al vínculo afectivo-emocional establecido entre el individuo y otras personas. En estudios en el contexto de las organizaciones y desarrollo profesional, el apego demuestra relaciones predictivas de civilidad, burnout, éxito y desempeño laboral. La presente investigación busca investigar cómo influye el apego en la expectativa de terminar con éxito la carrera universitaria, a partir de la mediación de los constructos satisfacción con la vida y autoeficacia. El presente estudio utilizó escalas psicológicas para la evaluación de los constructos y tuvo una muestra de 110 estudiantes universitarios brasileños. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes con un perfil de apego seguro tienen niveles más elevados de autoeficacia, satisfacción con la vida y expectativa futura de éxito en la carrera. Se evidencia también que el apego predice la perspectiva de éxito en el futuro profesional, con la mediación seriada de la satisfacción con la vida y autoeficacia. Se presentan consideraciones para la práctica de orientación profesional con universitarios basadas en el modelo establecido en la investigación.
Abstract: Attachment is an individual construct associated with interpersonal behavior and affectional-emotional bond established between the individual and other persons. In the field of organization and career studies, attachment shows predictive relationships of civility, burnout, success and labor performance. The present research investigates how attachment influences the expectation of career success in college students from a mediation process of life-satisfaction and self-efficacy. This study was conducted from psychological scales and had a sample of 110 Brazilian university students. The results analyzed show that students with a secure attachment profile have higher indicators of self-efficacy, satisfaction with life and future expectation of career success. It is also evidenced that attachment predicts the prospect of success in the professional future, from the serial mediation of satisfaction with life and self-efficacy. Considerations for the practice of career counseling with university students are presented based on the model tested in the research.
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This study aimed to find validity evidence of different versions of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) that measures adult attachment style and have been translated into Portuguese, in order to obtain a final version of the instrument for application in a Brazilian sample. We used the original version of the RAAS and its recent variations. Four independent studies were held, with a total of 1436 participants, mostly young adults from the states of São Paulo and Bahia. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses corroborated the validity of the three-factor structure (secure, anxious and avoidant) from the scale, with satisfactory indexes for Brazilian data. We found differences in frequency of attachment styles between sexes, confirming evolutionary hypotheses of intersexual variation. The scales showed satisfactory evidence of validity, and it is advised to use its latest version to measure adult attachmen.
Este estudo teve o objetivo de encontrar evidências de validade de diferentes versões da Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) que aferem o estilo de apego adulto e que foram traduzidas para a língua portuguesa, a fim de buscar uma versão final do instrumento para aplicação em uma amostra brasileira. Usou-se a versão original da RAAS e suas variações recentes. Realizamos quatro estudos independentes, com um total de 1436 participantes, sendo majoritariamente adultos jovens dos estados de São Paulo e da Bahia. Análises exploratórias e confirmatórias corroboraram a validade da estrutura de três fatores (seguro, ansioso e evitativo) da escala, apresentando índices satisfatórios para os dados brasileiros. Diferenças na frequência entre os sexos em relação aos estilos de apego foram encontradas, confirmando hipóteses evolucionistas de variação intersexual. As escalas apresentaram evidências satisfatórias de validade, e aconselhamos o uso da versão mais recente.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo encontrar evidencia de validez de las diferentes versiones de la Escala Revisada de Apego Adulto (RAAS), que son una medida del estilo de apego de adultos y han sido traducidas al portugués, a fin de buscar una versión final del instrumento para su aplicación en una muestra brasileña. Se llevaron a cabo cuatro estudios independientes, con un total de 1436 participantes, en su mayoría jóvenes de los estados de São Paulo y Bahía. Se corroboró la validez de la estructura de tres factores de la escala (seguro, ansioso y evitador), con índices satisfactorios para los datos brasileños. Se encontraron diferencias en la frecuencia de estilos de apego entre los sexos, lo que confirma las hipótesis evolutivas de variación intersexual. Las escalas mostraron evidencia satisfactoria de validez, y se recomienda utilizar la última versión.
Subject(s)
Human Characteristics , Interpersonal Relations , AffectABSTRACT
Objective To revise Experiences in close relationship scale-short form (ECR-S) and e-valuate the reliability and validity of Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-the Chinese Short version (ECR-CS) in Chinese adult population. Methods A sample of 1 572 Chinese adults were chosen through convenient sampling method to test the structural validity,criterion correlation validity,internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of ECR-CS. Results The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that ECR-CS had a two-factor structure and data fitted this two-factor structure well,χ2/df=3. 57,CFI=0. 95,GFI=0. 95,AGFI=0. 92,TLI=0. 92,NFI=0. 93,RMSEA=0. 07,SRMr=0. 04. In ECR-CS,the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were respectively 0. 85 and 0. 88,the test-retest reliability with an interval of two weeks were respectively 0. 75 and 0. 80. With reference to relevant studies,self-esteem scale(SES),social avoidance and distress scale(SADS) and depression,anxi-ety and stress scale(DASS) were selected as the criterions to test the criterion-related validity of ECR-CS. Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance of ECR-CS were significantly positively correlated with social avoidance,social distress,depression,anxiety and stress(r=0. 20-0. 43,P<0. 01),and negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-0. 43--0. 40,P<0. 01),indicating that ECR-CS had a good criterion-related validity. Conclusion ECR-CS has good reliability and validity,which is suitable for the research of adult attachment in Chinese adult population.
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Objective To investigate the mediating effect of adult attachment on relationships be-tween childhood abuse and parent-child relationship. Methods Totally 729 parents of 3-6 years old from Tongzhou of Beijing were selected. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF),Experiences in Close Relationship inventory (ECR) and Parent-Child Relationship Scale (CPRS) were assessed to measure their childhood abuse,adult attachment and parent-child relationship . Results The scores of adult attachment, parental childhood abuse, closeness of parent-child relationship, conflict of parent-child relationship were (105. 81±24. 14),(34. 05±7. 67),(41. 99±4. 43) and (26. 42±7. 49). Parental childhood abuse was pos-itively correlated to conflict of parent-child relationship and adult attachment( r=0. 36,0. 37,P<0. 01) and negatively correlated to closeness of parent-child relationship(r=-0. 31,P<0. 01). Furthermore,adult attach-ment was positively correlated to conflict of parent-child relationship (r=0. 41,P<0. 01) and negatively cor-related to closeness of parent-child relationship(r=-0. 24,P<0. 01). Moreover,adult attachment mediated the relationship between father's childhood abuse and parent-child relationship,the mediating effect size was 34%,and the model fit indexes were χ2/df =1. 808,RMSEA=0. 048,CFI=0. 977, TLI=0. 954, GFI=0. 979,AGFI=0. 948 . Adult attachment mediated the relationship between mother's childhood abuse and parent-child relationship,the mediating effect was 46%,and the model fit indexes were χ2/df=1. 739,RM-SEA=0. 044,CFI=0. 980,TLI=0. 960,GFI=0. 982,AGFI=0. 960. Conclusion Parental childhood abuse affects parent-child relationship through adult attachment.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to measure the effect of a group-based parent education program on parenting stress and attitude and comparing the same according to adult attachment styles.
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Adult , Child , Humans , Education , Maternal Behavior , Mothers , Parenting , ParentsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health between different adult attachment styles. METHODS: Forty-four parents who completed a parental education program were enrolled in our study. They completed the Korean version of the Experience of Close Relationship Revised, Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. RESULTS: The avoidant attachment score positively correlated with parenting stress. The anxious attachment score showed a positive relationship with parenting stress, hostile parenting attitude, and psychopathology, but a negative association with an affectionate parenting attitude. The secure attachment group exhibited a more autonomous, affectionate parenting style and a less hostile parenting attitude and less parenting stress than the insecure attachment group. Dismissing-avoidant attachment parents reported significantly higher parenting stress scores than secure attachment parents. Preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment parents displayed a more hostile parenting style than secure attachment parents. Dismissing-avoidant and preoccupied parents reported a less affectionate parenting attitude than secure attachment parents. CONCLUSION: There were differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health depending on the adult attachment style. More specific education and interventions based on parental attachment type are necessary for parents.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Education , Maternal Behavior , Mental Health , Parenting , Parents , PsychopathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the types of adult attachment and determine the relationship between adult attachment and job factors in dental hygienists. Ultimately, it was necessary to identify the need for a secure attachment to improve the quality of clinical dental hygienist's services. METHODS: Data of 454 clinical dental hygienists working in dental hospitals or clinics were collected. The research tools consisted of items related to the general and work characteristics of dental hygienists (9 items), adult attachment styles (36 items), organizational commitments (12 items), occupational stress (15 items), and interpersonal relations (18 items). Cronbach's α of each tool was ≥0.7. RESULTS: Most of the participants had fearful attachment styles, followed by dismissing-avoidance, security, and preoccupation. Security was the highest level of organizational commitment according to the adult attachment style, although the differences of the levels were insignificant. For occupational stress, preoccupation was the highest, followed by fearful, security, and dismissing-avoidance, and the differences were significant (p<0.001). For interpersonal relations, security was the highest, followed by preoccupation, dismissing-avoidance, and fearful in order, and the differences were significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Job stress and interpersonal relation ability according to the adult attachment style of clinical dental hygienists had significant results. Thus, the development of attachment improvement programs by personal style, development of differentiated clinical education and its application, and improvements in the adult attachment styles of clinical dental hygienists would be required rather than simply presenting the needs to collectively improvement the working environment.
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Adult , Humans , Dental Hygienists , Education , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Background: Explosive growth of Social Networking Sites (SNS) have impacted every sphere of a youthslife be it academics or personal relationships. There has been an escalation of research worldwide in thisarea though it is negligible in India. The present research seeks to fulfil this lacuna by studying the impactof SNS use on sleep, academic achievement, concentration, self esteem and personal relationships onIndian youth.Methodology: The sample consisted of students from junior and degree colleges in Mumbai belonging tothe age group of 16 to 22 years, equal number of male and female students was selected. They wereadministered a self-formulated questionnaire consisting of 24 questions, which measured their SNS usehabits and its impact on sleep, academics, concentration, self esteem and social relationships in terms ofgender differences and education level. The scores obtained were subjected to ‘t’ test. A significant ‘t’ valueof was found for gender differences but not for junior and degree college students.Results: Results indicated that the bio-psychosocial factors of males were affected more by SNS use thanthe females and there was no difference in the impact of bio-psychosocial factors of junior and degreecollege students who were SNS users. The mean scores were 16.60, 16.32 and 15.64 foracademics/sleep/concentration, relationship and self esteem respectively. Hence the maximum impact ofSNS use was seen on academic/sleep/concentration followed by relationship and lastly self esteem.Conclusions: Thus, the burgeoning nature of SNS does impact the youth in some aspects of their life as ithas become a core of all the forms of communication
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Background: Marital satisfaction is an important element for successful family life and personal growth.Various factors have significant effects on the marital satisfaction, like financial management, personalityissues, equalitarian roles, religious orientation, sexual relationship etc. In recent times there has been a risein divorce rates, couples living separately, couples dissatisfied with their marriage, etc. This could possiblybe because of individuals having different attachment styles entering into a relationship. Basic propositionof attachment theory is that internal models of attachment (starting right from infancy) remain relativelystable across the life span.Methods: We interviewed 50 consecutive consenting clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (BPRSscore < 31) and depressive episode (HDRS score < 08) following up in psychiatry OPD. MontrealCognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognition, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) foranhedonia and WHOQOL-BREF for the quality of life in participants.Results: This study examined links between adult attachment style and marriage satisfaction in Indianadults. 24 participants (13 females and 11 males) aged 25-45 years (Mean = 35.35, SD = 6.01117),completed the Revised Adult Attachment Style (RAAS) (Collins,1996) and ENRICH Marital SatisfactionScale (EMS) (Fowers & Olson, 1993). All the participants were heterosexual and marriedConclusion:Results indicated that participants having Secure attachment style were more satisfied withtheir marriage than participants having Insecure (Fearful, Preoccupied, Dismissive) attachment style
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of adult attachment in the relationship between eating psychopathology and depression among patients with eating disorders. METHODS: Patients (N=146) who visited a clinic for eating disorders participated in the study. Data were collected from December 2017 to February 2018 using the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). RESULTS: The subjects showed high scores on eating psychopathology (drive for thinness 15.02±5.11, bulimia 11.77±5.27, and body dissatisfaction 14.16±7.82), adult attachment (attachment avoidance 37.31±6.18 and attachment anxiety 16.63±5.38), and depression (24.26±10.81), and 65.1% of the participants showed above a moderate level of depression. There were significant correlations among eating psychopathology, adult attachment, and depression. We also found that adult attachment fully mediated the association between eating psychopathology and depression. CONCLUSION: Future interventions for patients with eating disorders who have experienced insecure attachment with their primary caregiver should focus on forming a therapeutic relationship with the therapist. In addition, family therapy might contribute to lowering attachment insecurities and depression by recovering the attachment between the patients and their parents.
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Adult , Humans , Anxiety , Bulimia , Caregivers , Depression , Eating , Family Therapy , Negotiating , Parents , Psychopathology , ThinnessABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship among psychological distress,adult attachment,and social support in primary caregivers of cancer patients.Methods:A total of 208 primary caregivers of cancer patients in one third grade hospital in Anhui Province were recruited.The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10),Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory(ECR) and Social Support Questionnaire(SSQ) were used to explore psychological distress,adult attachment,and social support status.Results:The average K10 score was (21.5 ± 7.5).Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that caregiver gender,pressure on patient care,and attachment anxiety had positive prediction on psychological distress (β =2.30,3.02,0.13),while residence had negative prediction on psychological distress (β =-3.22).Conclusion:It suggests that the psychological distress is related to attachment anxiety and social support among the primary caregivers.
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Objective To explore the mediation effect of adult attachment on the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality disorder(BPD) in recruits.Methods Childhood trauma questionnaire-28 short form (CTQ-SF),adult attachment scale (AAS) and personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) were administered to 1 750 recruits in the autumn of 2013.Results The scores of physical neglect,emotional neglect,emotional abuse,sexual abuse,physical abuse,attachment anxiety,attachment close and dependence and BPD were 11.05±3.04,10.00±3.54,6.73±2.32,5.92±2.06,5.83± 1.97,3.02 ± ±0.53,3.19±0.44,2.45± 2.04,respectively.BPD had significantly positive correlation with childhood trauma and attachment anxiety (r=0.353,0.284,P＜ 0.01),and significantly negative correlation with attachment close and dependence(r=-0.198,P＜0.01).Childhood trauma,attachment close and dependence and attachment anxiety could positively predict BPD(F=142.172,P＜0.01),which could explain 19.6％ of the total variation.Structure equation model and Bootstrap test showed that childhood trauma not only directly predict BPD in recruits,but also indirectly predict BPD in recruit through attachment close and dependence and attachment anxiety (x2/df=11.472,RMSEA =0.077,NFI =0.943,RFI =0.901,IFI =0.948,TLI =0.902,CFI =0.948),and the mediational path through attachment close and dependence and attachment anxiety with the effect size were 10.8％ and 8.1％,and the total mediational effect size was 18.9％.Conclusion Adult attachment exerts a multiple mediation effect on the relationship between childhood abuse and BPD in recruits.
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Numerosos estudios han asociado los estilos de apego inseguros a distintas formas de psicopatología, entre ellas la depresión, en diversas etapas del ciclo vital. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el estilo de apego de un grupo de pacientes de sexo femenino, diagnosticadas con depresión. Se estudió a un grupo de 28 pacientes, comparándolos con un grupo de 28 mujeres adultas que no presentan la enfermedad, igualando a las participantes en relación a la edad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los estilos de apego de ambos grupos. Las pacientes diagnosticadas con depresión presentan, en su mayoría, estilos de apego inseguros (39.2 por ciento) e inclasificables (32.1 por ciento). Por su parte, el grupo de personas sin depresión presentan en su gran mayoría (85.7 por ciento) un estilo de apego seguro.
Several studies have linked the insecure attachment styles to different types of psychopathologies, i.e. depression, at diverse stages of the life cycle. This research aimed to describe the attachment style for a group of female patients diagnosed with depression. A group of 28 patients was analyzed and compared with a group of 28 female adults not presenting the psychopathology and with similar age range. Results show significant differences on the attachment style in within these two groups. The patients diagnosed with depression have, mainly, insecure attachment styles (39.2 percent) and cannot classify (32.1 percent). On the other side, the majority of the group of people without depression (85.7 percent) has a secure attachment style.